All Activities
Science

Ecosystem Survey

Overview

Students carry out a systematic survey of a local outdoor area, collecting data on species presence and abundance, and use their data to evaluate the health of the ecosystem.

Learning Objective
Students conduct a structured ecosystem survey, collect quantitative data, and draw conclusions about biodiversity and habitat quality.

Resources needed

  • Sticks or string to mark survey areas
  • Paper and pencil to record
  • Simple identification guide (teacher-prepared or drawn)

Lesson stages

0 / 7 done
  1. 1 Choose two contrasting areas: a disturbed area (near a path) and an undisturbed area (long grass or shrubs).
  2. 2 Mark 1-metre-square survey plots in each area.
  3. 3 Count every different species in each plot — plants, animals, insects, fungi.
  4. 4 Record species and number of individuals.
  5. 5 Compare data from the two areas: number of species, number of individuals.
  6. 6 Ask: which area has more biodiversity? Why might this be?
  7. 7 Discuss: what does biodiversity tell us about the health of an ecosystem?

Tap a step to mark it as done.

Variations

  • Survey three areas instead of two — look for a gradient from disturbed to undisturbed.
  • Return to the same area after a month — has anything changed?
  • Calculate a simple diversity index: number of species divided by total individuals.
More information

Teach: ecosystem, survey, species, abundance, diversity, habitat quality, systematic, conclude. A simple two-column table — species name and number — organises the data collection.

Reduce to counting only one type of organism — insects or plants — to simplify the data collection task.

Can students explain the difference between the number of species and the number of individuals? Can they draw a supported conclusion from their data?

Sticks mark the survey area. Paper records the data. The outdoor environment provides the organisms. No specialist equipment needed.

Students sometimes think more individuals always means a healthier ecosystem. An area dominated by one species may have many individuals but low biodiversity — and low diversity indicates poor ecosystem health.

Systematic ecological surveys are the primary tool of conservation biology. Conducting a real survey builds genuine scientific skills: systematic observation, data collection, and evidence-based conclusions.