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Science

Shadows

Overview

Children investigate their own shadows outdoors, exploring how shadows form and how they change.

Learning Objective
Children understand that shadows form when light is blocked and can investigate how shadow size and shape change.

Resources needed

  • Sunny day
  • Open outdoor space

Lesson stages

0 / 7 done
  1. 1 Go outside on a sunny day.
  2. 2 Ask: what is a shadow? Where does yours come from?
  3. 3 Stand in the sun and observe your shadow — notice its shape.
  4. 4 Move closer to a wall or the ground — the shadow changes shape.
  5. 5 Ask: what happens to your shadow when you move away from the wall?
  6. 6 Hold up different objects — compare their shadow shapes.
  7. 7 Measure shadow length using strides — compare at different times of day.

Tap a step to mark it as done.

Variations

  • Make shadow puppets against a wall using hands.
  • Trace shadow outlines at different times of day — see how they move.
  • Test transparent vs opaque objects — which makes a shadow?
More information

Teach: shadow, light, block, opaque, transparent, direction, length, shape. A torch in a darkened room allows indoor shadow investigation if outdoors is not possible.

Focus on making and noticing shadows before introducing explanations of why they form.

Can children explain that a shadow forms when an object blocks light? Can they predict whether an object will make a shadow based on whether light can pass through it?

Sunlight is free. No equipment needed. The children's own bodies and natural objects are sufficient for a rich investigation.

Children often think shadows are reflections or copies of the object. A shadow is the absence of light behind an object — it has no substance of its own.

Shadow investigation introduces the concept that light travels in straight lines. This is foundational for understanding optics, eclipses, and the scientific use of light.