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Science

Chemical Reactions

Overview

Students investigate several chemical reactions and learn to describe them using word equations, identifying the signs that a reaction has occurred.

Learning Objective
Students understand what a chemical reaction is, can identify reactants and products, and can write simple word equations.

Resources needed

  • Vinegar
  • Bicarbonate of soda
  • Lemon juice
  • Iron nail left in water (for rust)
  • Candle or fire

Lesson stages

0 / 7 done
  1. 1 Recap: what is a chemical change? New substances are formed.
  2. 2 Demonstrate: add vinegar to bicarbonate of soda — fizzing and gas produced.
  3. 3 Introduce: the starting materials are reactants; the new substances formed are products.
  4. 4 Write the word equation: vinegar + bicarbonate of soda → carbon dioxide + water + salt.
  5. 5 Observe rust on an iron nail: iron + oxygen → iron oxide (rust).
  6. 6 Burn a candle: wax + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
  7. 7 Ask: what do all these reactions have in common? (Energy released, new substances formed).

Tap a step to mark it as done.

Variations

  • Test for carbon dioxide using limewater — it turns cloudy in CO₂.
  • Compare the speed of the same reaction at different temperatures.
  • Investigate neutralisation: add vinegar to bicarbonate of soda until fizzing stops.
More information

Teach: reactant, product, word equation, react, combine, release, form. The arrow in a word equation means produces — not an equals sign.

Focus on one reaction only — vinegar and bicarbonate of soda — and establish the reactant/product concept fully before introducing more examples.

Can students write a correct word equation for a reaction they have observed? Can they identify at least three signs that a chemical reaction has taken place?

Vinegar, bicarbonate of soda, and water are very cheap and widely available. Rusting can be observed on any iron or steel object left in water.

Students often confuse dissolving with a chemical reaction. Dissolving is physical — the salt can be recovered. A chemical reaction produces something new that cannot be reversed by simple physical means.

Chemical reactions underpin all of chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.