Grammar for Teachers
Grammar for Teachers
🟢 Basic

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

What this session covers

These are two of the most common tenses in English — and two of the most commonly confused. Students often learn the rules but still make mistakes when speaking. In this session, you will discover why, deepen your own grammar knowledge, and find ready-to-use classroom activities.

Personal Reflection

Before you start — think honestly about your own teaching and experience.

Q1
How confident do you feel teaching the difference between present simple and present continuous?
Q2
Which of these problems have you seen in your students? (Select all that apply)

Discover the Pattern

Look at the examples. Answer each question before reading the explanation — this is how your students will learn too.

1

Read these two sentences. Both are correct English.

She works in a hospital.
She is working in a hospital this week.
What is the difference in meaning? What does each sentence tell you about her situation? Write your ideas before reading the answer.

Sentence A tells us about her permanent or regular situation — this is her job, her normal life. Sentence B tells us about a temporary situation — she is doing this now, or for a limited period. It suggests something different from normal. This is the core difference: permanent/regular vs. temporary/in-progress. 'Present simple = habit, present continuous = now' is often taught, but temporary vs. permanent is more useful and more accurate.

2

Now read these two sentences. Which is present simple? Which is present continuous?

'Be quiet — the baby is sleeping!'
'The baby sleeps from 7pm to 7am.'
What does each sentence communicate that the other doesn't?

Sentence 1 describes something happening right now, at this moment — it is urgent and immediate. Sentence 2 describes a routine — something that happens regularly. The same verb (sleep) communicates completely different meanings depending on which form you use. This is a powerful pair of examples to use with students — they are concrete, memorable, and easy to act out.

3

Now something more difficult. Read these sentences. Which ones sound wrong, even if a student might write them?

I am knowing the answer.
She is wanting some water.
He is having a car.
They are loving this music.
Why do these sentences sound wrong? What is special about the verbs know, want, have and love? Think before reading the answer.

These verbs describe states — things that exist in the mind or feelings — not actions happening in real time. We do not usually use continuous forms with state verbs, even when talking about right now. Correct versions: I know the answer. She wants some water. He has a car. They love this music. Common state verbs: know, believe, understand, want, need, like, love, hate, prefer, have (possession), seem, appear, belong, contain, mean.

The Pattern — What You Just Discovered

Present simple describes permanent situations, regular habits, and routines. Present continuous describes temporary situations, actions in progress right now, or things happening around the present time. The same verb can carry completely different meanings depending on which form you use.
Special Rule / Notes

State verbs describe mental states or feelings — not physical actions. They do not normally take the continuous form, even when we are talking about right now.

Common state verbs: know · believe · understand · want · need · like · love · hate · prefer · have (possession) · seem · appear · belong · contain · mean

Correct: I know the answer. She wants some water. He has a car.
Incorrect: I am knowing the answer. She is wanting water. He is having a car.

🎥

Ask students: 'Can you film this action?' If yes, the continuous form is usually possible. If no (you cannot film someone knowing something), it is probably a state verb — use the simple form.

Common Student Errors

I am knowing the answer.
I know the answer.
Whyknow is a state verb — it describes a mental state, not an action. State verbs do not take continuous forms.
She work in a bank.
She works in a bank.
WhyThird person singular (he/she/it) needs -s in present simple. This is a form error, not a tense error.
We are usually eating at 7pm.
We usually eat at 7pm.
Why'Usually' signals a routine or habit — this calls for the simple form. The continuous form suggests something in progress right now.
He is having a new phone.
He has a new phone.
Whyhave (possession) is a state verb. We do not use it in the continuous form.
I watch TV now.
I am watching TV now.
Why'Now' signals something in progress at this moment — use the continuous form.
I am thinking football is a great sport.
I think football is a great sport.
Whythink (meaning believe) is a state verb when expressing opinions. Use the simple form.

Check Your Understanding — Part 1

Choose the correct form to complete each sentence. Click the option you think is right — then read the explanation.

Listen! Someone ___________ at the door.
I ___________ to school every day.
She ___________ the problem now.
We ___________ in a small hotel this week — it's temporary.
He ___________ his pen. It's so annoying!
0 / 5 answered

Check Your Understanding — Part 2: Why Is It Wrong?

Each sentence below contains an error. Write the correct sentence in the box and explain why it is wrong — then reveal the answer to check.

I am thinking football is a great sport.
Write the correct sentence:
Explain why it is wrong:
I think football is a great sport.
Think (meaning believe or hold an opinion) is a state verb. State verbs do not take the continuous form. Use the simple form for opinions.
She work in a bank.
Write the correct sentence:
Explain why it is wrong:
She works in a bank.
Third person singular (he/she/it) always needs -s in the present simple. This is a form error, not a tense error.
We are usually eating at 7pm.
Write the correct sentence:
Explain why it is wrong:
We usually eat at 7pm.
'Usually' signals a regular routine or habit — this requires the simple form. The continuous suggests something is in progress right now, which contradicts 'usually'.
He is having a new phone.
Write the correct sentence:
Explain why it is wrong:
He has a new phone.
Have (possession) is a state verb — it describes ownership, not an action. State verbs do not take continuous forms.

Classroom Teaching Sequence

Use this sequence directly in class — guided discovery, no textbook needed. Tap each step to mark it done.

0 / 4 done
1

STEP 1 — PROVIDE EXAMPLES (10 minutes): Write these four sentences on the board — two in each tense.

Every morning, I drink coffee.
I am drinking coffee right now.
She teaches English.
She is teaching a lesson at the moment.
Ask students: 'What is different? Don't look for a rule yet — just describe what you notice.' Students talk in pairs for two minutes, then share with the class.
2

STEP 2 — STUDENTS FORM THE RULE (5 minutes): Ask students to complete these sentences:

'We use present simple when…'
'We use present continuous when…'
Students write their own rules in pairs. Collect ideas. Correct and refine together.
3

STEP 3 — PRACTISE WITH REAL SITUATIONS (10 minutes): Ask students to look around the room and describe what they can see using both tenses.

'I am sitting. She is writing.'
'I wake up at 6am. I walk to school.'
Extend: students interview each other — 'What do you usually do at the weekend?' versus 'What are you doing this evening?'
4

STEP 4 — FIND THE ERROR (5 minutes): Write five sentences on the board — some correct, some wrong. Students work in pairs to find and correct the errors. Keep it collaborative and low-pressure.

Ready-to-Use Classroom Materials

Use directly in class — copy, adapt, or read aloud. No printing needed.

1 Student Handout — Discover the Tenses
Look at these sentences. Work with a partner. Answer the three questions below.
Example sentences
I live in Lagos.
I am staying with my cousin this week.
She always drinks tea in the morning.
She is drinking tea right now.
They play football every Saturday.
They are playing football at the moment.
2 Card Sort — Simple or Continuous? (Dictation, no materials needed)
Read each sentence aloud. Students call out SIMPLE or CONTINUOUS and explain why. This works as a whole-class activity or in pairs.
Example sentences
He is cooking dinner. → Continuous
She loves chocolate. → Simple (state verb)
We are visiting our grandparents this weekend. → Continuous
They always argue about football. → Simple
I don't understand this question. → Simple (state verb)
The children are sleeping. → Continuous
It rains a lot in this region. → Simple
Wait — I am thinking. → Continuous (thinking = active process here)
3 Speaking Game — True or False?
Student A says two sentences about themselves — one true, one false. Student B guesses which is false. Then swap. Encourage students to use both tenses naturally.
Example sentences
'I usually walk to school.'
'I am wearing blue shoes today.'

Plan Your Next Steps

For each strategy, choose the option that best describes where you are now.

Use guided discovery — give students examples before rules
Teach meaning (permanent vs. temporary) not just form
Introduce state verbs explicitly with examples
Use classroom surroundings for present continuous practice
Use the 'can you film it?' test for state verbs
Plan an error-correction activity for students to do in pairs
What is the one change you will make next time you teach this grammar point?

Key Takeaways

1 The core difference is permanent/regular (present simple) vs. temporary/in-progress (present continuous) — this is more useful than 'habit' vs. 'now'
2 State verbs (know, want, like, have, understand) do not take the continuous form — this is a major source of student error
3 Guided discovery produces deeper learning: give examples first, let students find the pattern, then confirm the rule
4 The most common errors are: using continuous with state verbs, and forgetting -s in third person singular simple
5 Error correction in pairs builds confidence — students correcting sentences together consolidates understanding