Great Thinkers

Meet the great minds whose ideas have shaped the world — philosophers, scientists, artists, leaders, and revolutionaries whose thinking still matters today.

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Era: Early Modern × Page 2 of 2
Literature
Matsuo Bashō
1644-1694 · Japan
Matsuo Bashō was a Japanese poet of the Edo period, widely regarded as the greatest master of haiku and one of the foundational figures in…
Creative expression Cultural heritage and identity Emotional intelligence Ethical thinking +1
"An old pond— / a frog jumps in: / the sound of water."
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Literature
Michel de Montaigne
1533-1592 · France
Michel de Montaigne was a French nobleman and writer who invented the modern essay. He was born in 1533 at the Château de Montaigne in…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Creative expression Emotional intelligence +1
"What do I know?"
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Law
Montesquieu
1689-1755 · France
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, was a French lawyer and political thinker. He was born in 1689 at the family castle of La Brède,…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Research skills Creative expression +1
"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there…"
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Literature
Niccolò Machiavelli
1469-1527 · Florence (Italy)
Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian writer, diplomat, and political thinker. He was born in 1469 in Florence, then a powerful Italian city-state. His family was…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Creative expression Research skills +1
"It is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with."
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Medicine & Health
Paracelsus
1493-1541 · Switzerland (Holy Roman Empire)
Paracelsus was a Swiss physician, alchemist, and reformer of medicine who lived during the early Renaissance. His real name was Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von…
Scientific thinking Critical thinking Research skills Creative expression +1
"All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison."
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Politics
Simón Bolívar
1783-1830 · Venezuela
Simón Bolívar was a military leader and political thinker who led much of South America to independence from Spain. In Latin America he is known…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Cultural heritage and identity Problem solving +1
"A people that loves freedom will in the end be free."
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Arts
Sin Saimdang
1504-1551 · Korea (Joseon)
Sin Saimdang was a Korean artist, calligrapher, poet, and Confucian scholar of the mid-Joseon period. She is widely regarded as the most accomplished female artist…
Creative expression Cultural heritage and identity Ethical thinking Research skills +1
"Talent alone will not make a good painting. One must first calm oneself, then carefully observe the object to be…"
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Literature
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
1648-1695 · New Spain (Mexico)
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695) was a poet, dramatist, scholar, and nun of colonial New Spain, widely regarded as the finest writer of…
Critical thinking Creative expression Cultural heritage and identity Ethical thinking +1
"I do not study in order to write, nor still less to teach, but only to see whether by studying…"
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Religion
Teresa of Ávila
1515-1582 · Spain (Catholic, Discalced Carmelite)
Teresa of Ávila (1515-1582), born Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, was a Spanish Carmelite nun, mystic, reformer, and writer whose works on contemplative prayer…
Ethical thinking Emotional intelligence Cultural heritage and identity Creative expression +1
"Mental prayer in my opinion is nothing else than an intimate sharing between friends; it means taking time frequently to…"
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Philosophy
Thomas Hobbes
1588–1679 · England, United Kingdom
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was an English philosopher who lived through one of the most turbulent periods in British history — the English Civil War, the…
Critical thinking Critical literacy Collaboration
"The life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
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History
Toussaint Louverture
c. 1743-1803 · Haiti (Saint-Domingue)
Toussaint Louverture was the main leader of the Haitian Revolution. This was the only successful slave revolt in modern history. It turned a French slave…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Cultural heritage and identity Problem solving +1
"In overthrowing me, you have cut down in Saint-Domingue only the trunk of the tree of liberty. It will spring…"
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Literature
Voltaire
1694-1778 · France
Voltaire was a French writer, philosopher, and campaigner who became the most famous voice of the European Enlightenment. His real name was François-Marie Arouet. He…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Creative expression Cultural heritage and identity +1
"We must cultivate our garden."
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Philosophy
Wang Yangming
1472 - 1529 · Ming dynasty China
Wang Yangming was a Chinese philosopher, scholar, and military general. He is one of the most important Confucian thinkers of the second millennium CE. His…
Ethical thinking Critical thinking Creative expression Emotional intelligence +1
"There is a sage in every person, but they do not believe in themselves and so they bury this sage."
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Literature
William Shakespeare
1564-1616 · England
William Shakespeare was an English writer. He is often called the greatest writer in the English language. He was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, a…
Creative expression Emotional intelligence Critical thinking Cultural heritage and identity +1
"To be, or not to be, that is the question."
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Arts
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756-1791 · Salzburg (now Austria)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer. He is one of the most celebrated composers in European classical music. He was born in 1756 in…
Creative expression Emotional intelligence Cultural heritage and identity Critical thinking +1
"I pay no attention whatever to anybody's praise or blame. I simply follow my own feelings."
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Philosophy
Zera Yacob
c. 1599-c. 1692 · Ethiopia
Zera Yacob was an Ethiopian philosopher of the seventeenth century. His main work is a short book called the Hatata, which means 'inquiry' or 'investigation'.…
Critical thinking Ethical thinking Research skills Cultural heritage and identity +1
"All men are equal in the presence of God; and all are intelligent since they are his creatures."
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